Sechinhu chakasarudzika chekare uye maitiro muChinese yekare girazi rekare rine nhoroondo uye nhaka yetsika yemakore anopfuura 2000.
Mhedzisiro yegirazi yemavara haina kumbove yakafanana, uye hapana nzira yekuiedza nayo.Iyo chete nyaya yakagara yakamira ye "misodzi ya Xi Shi" yakapfuudzwa kuti inyore nguva yerudo rusingaperi.
Zvinoenderana nengano, mukupera kwechirimo uye Autumn nguva, Fan Li akagadzira bakatwa ramambo kuna Gou Jian, mambo achangotora nhanho yeYue.Zvakatora makore matatu kuigadzira.Pakazvarwa Wang Jian, Fan Li akawana hupfu hwemashiripiti muforoma yebakatwa.Payainge yasanganiswa nekristaro, yaipenya asi iine ruzha rwesimbi.Fan Li anotenda kuti chinhu ichi chakanatswa nemoto, uye Yin uye kupfava kwekristaro zvakavigwa mairi.Iine mweya wehegemonic wemunondo wamambo uye kunzwa kupfava kwemvura, iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa nekusikwa kweyin uye Yang kudenga nepasi.Naizvozvo, rudzi urwu rwechinhu rwainzi "Kendo" uye rwakaunzwa kuna mambo weYue pamwe chete nemunondo waMambo wakagadzirwa.
Mambo weYue akaonga mupiro waFan Li pakugadzira bakatwa, akabvuma bakatwa ramambo, asi akadzorera yepakutanga "Kendo" uye akatumidza izvi zvemashiripiti "Li" muzita rake.
Panguva iyoyo, Fan Li akange achangosangana na Xi Shi uye akafadzwa nerunako rwake.Akafunga kuti zvinhu zvakajairika segoridhe, sirivha, jade uye jade hazvigone kuenderana neXi Shi.Naizvozvo, akashanyira mhizha uye akagadzira iyo "Li" yakatumidzwa zita rake mune yakanaka jewelry ndokuipa kuna Xi Shi sechiratidzo cherudo.
Tisingafungiri, hondo yakatanga zvakare gore rino.Achinzwa kuti Fu Chai, mambo weWu, akanga achidzidzisa mauto ake siku nesikati, nechinangwa chokurwisa nyika yeYue kuti atsive baba vake, Gou Jian akasarudza kutanga arova.Fan Li yambiro inovava yakakundikana.Nyika yeYue yakazokundwa uye yakapotsa yakundwa.Xi Shi akamanikidzwa kuenda kudunhu reWu kuti aite runyararo.Panguva yekuparadzana, Xi Shi akadzorera "Li" kuna Fan Li.Zvinonzi Xi Shi misodzi yakawira pa "Li" uye yakafambisa pasi, zuva nemwedzi.Nanhasi, tichiri kuona misodzi yaXi Shi ichiyerera mairi.Zvizvarwa zvinozoitumidza kuti "Liu Li".Girazi remazuva ano rine ruvara rakashanduka kubva pazita iri.
Muna 1965, bakatwa rekare rengano, iro ragara kwezviuru zvemakore asi rakapinza sekare, rakafukunurwa muguva Nhamba 1 yeJiangling, Ruwa rweHubei.Giridhi yebakatwa yakashongedzwa nezvidimbu zviviri zvegirazi rebhuruu rakajeka.Shiri dzinoisa chisimbiso pane muviri webakatwa dzinoratidza zvakajeka kuti "Gou Jian, mambo weYue, is a self acting bakatwa".Girazi rine ruvara rakashongedzwa pabakatwa raGou Jian, mambo weYue, ndiyo yekutanga girazi reruvara chigadzirwa chakawanikwa kusvika zvino.Sezvineiwo, pa "Fu Chai bakatwa, mambo weWu" inowanikwa muHuixian County, Henan, magirazi matatu asina ruvara uye akajeka ane mavara akaiswa mufuremu.
Vatongi vaviri venguva yechirimo neyeMatsutso, vakanga vakapindwa muropa nehupenyu hwavo hwose, vakatonga pasi rose nezvavakabudirira zvikuru."Munondo wamambo" hausi chete chiratidzo chechimiro uye chimiro, asi zvakare vanoonekwa navo sechinhu chakakosha sehupenyu.Madzimambo maviri ane mukurumbira akatora girazi remavara sechishongo chega paminondo yavo, iyo yakawedzera zvakavanzika zvishoma kune ngano nezvekwakabva girazi rekare reFrance.
Hatigone kusimbisa kwakabva yekare Chinese glazed glaze.Kune ngano zhinji dzevanhu kana dzengano pamberi pengano yemisodzi yaXi Shi.Nekudaro, zvichienzaniswa nengano yekwakabva girazi rekuMadokero, ngano yaFan Li yekukanda bakatwa nekugadzira girazi reruvara inonyanya kudanana mutsika dzeChinese.
Zvinonzi girazi rakagadzirwa nevaFenike (Lebanese).Makore 3000 apfuura, boka revafambisi vezvikepe vokuFenikiya vaitakura soda chaiyo vakabatidza moto pamhenderekedzo yegungwa muGungwa reMediterranean.Vakashandisa zvigubhu zvihombe zvesoda kukwiza tsoka dzavo uye kugadzira hari hombe.Mushure mekudya, vanhu vakawana chinhu chakaita sechando mumoto.Mushure mekusanganisa silica, chikamu chikuru chejecha, ine sodium carbonate, iyo huru chikamu chesoda, yakanyunguduka pakupisa kwakanyanya uye ikava sodium girazi.
Mumwewo akati girazi rakabva kuEgypt yekare uye rakawanwa nenyanzvi yehari yakangwara uye inongwarira pakupisa midziyo yehari.
Muchokwadi, kana tangozviongorora kubva pamaonero ezvidzidzo, ngano idzi dzinobva dzarasa hwaro hwadzo hwekuvapo.
Iyo yekunyunguduka kwesilica inenge 1700 madhigirii, uye nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yesodium girazi inoumbwa nesodium sezvo iyo inoyerera inosvika 1450 madhigirii.Kunyangwe kana marasha emazuva ano emhando yepamusoro akashandiswa, tembiricha yepamusoro muchoto chakajairika ingangoita madhigirii mazana matanhatu, tisingatauri nezvemoto wemoto makore 3000 apfuura.Panyaya yekushisa, chete dzidziso yekare yehari yeEgypt inogoneka zvishoma.
Zvichienzaniswa nengano dzekuMabvazuva nekumadokero, kunyangwe iyo "sword casting theory" iine dzimwe ngano dzeChinese dzakasiyana uye mavara erudo, ichine kuvimbika kwepamusoro kubva pakuona kwemuviri nemakemikari.Tinogona kufuratira huchokwadi hweruzivo rwengano, asi mutsauko mukuru pakati pekwakabva girazi rekare reFrench French neiro regirazi rekuMadokero wakakodzera kutarisisa kwedu kwepamusoro.
Zvinoenderana nekuongororwa kwemakemikari egirazi rakafukunurwa, kuyerera kukuru kwegirazi reChinese "lead uye barium" (iyo iri padyo nekristaro yechisikigo), nepo girazi rekare rekuMadokero rinonyanya kuumbwa ne "sodium uye calcium" ( zvakafanana nemahwindo egirazi nemagirazi anoshandiswa nhasi).MuWestern glass formula, "barium" inenge isingambooneki, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo kushandiswa kwe "lead".Iyo chaiyo ine lead-ine girazi kuMadokero haina kushandiswa zvakanyanya kusvika 18th century, iyo inodarika makore 2000 kumashure kwekare Chinese girazi tekinoroji.
Isu tinoziva kuti tembiricha inodiwa pakukandira bronze ware yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye hapana dambudziko ne "silicon dioxide", chikamu chikuru chekunyungudika girazi.Chechipiri, fomula yebronze ware inoda kuwedzera lead (galena) uye tini mumhangura.Barium is symbiosis yemutobvu wekare (galena) uye haigone kuparadzaniswa, saka kugarisana kwemutobvu uye barium mugirazi rekare hazvidzivisiki.Mukuwedzera, chiumbwa chejecha chaishandiswa kukanda minondo munguva dzekare chaiva nesilika yakawanda, iyo yaiumba zvinhu zvegirazi.Tembiricha.Kana mamiriro ekuyerera asangana, zvimwe zvese zvinozotevera.
Mune akawanda eChinese monographs, zvinonzi girazi rine ruvara rinogadzirwa nekusanganisa amai vakatsetseka nedombo regirazi remavara.
Maererano nehurukuro yebhizimisi yeQian Weishan, avo vanonamata Chen's Treasury ndiyo pfuma yemadzitateguru avo ... Kana amai vegirazi remavara vari mari nhasi, ichava yakakura uye duku sechibhakera chevana.Chinonziwo chinhu cheTemberi chaicho.Nekudaro, inogona kugadzirwa kuita Ke Zi chimiro, ine bhuruu, tsvuku, yero uye chena ichitevera ruvara, asi haigone kuitwa yega.
Tiangong Kaiwu - Pearl uye jade: marudzi ese ematombo akapenya uye makristasi eChinese.Pindai muguta nemoto.Ndeemhando imwe chete... Mavara mashanu ese ematombo avo ndeaya.Hunhu hwedenga nepasi uhu hwakavanzwa muvhu rakareruka.Matombo echisikigo akapenya ari kuramba achishomeka, kunyanya kukosha.
Iyo tekinoroji rekodhi ye "kutora iyo kristaro nekuidzosera kune yakasvibira" muYan Shan's akasiyana zvinyorwa - girazi remavara rinoratidzawo kuenderera kwemhando iyi yehunyanzvi.
Tichitarisa kubva pazvisaririra zvetsika zvakafukunurwa zvanhasi, nguva yakaonekwa girazi rinopenya kuMadokero ingangove 200 BC, makore anoda kusvika 300 gare gare pane nguva yakaonekwa girazi rekare rekuChina, uye nguva yakaonekwa girazi rinoonekera makore angangoita 1500 AD, anopfuura makore 1000. mushure megirazi skrini yeWu Lord munguva yeHumambo Hutatu hwakanyorwa mumabhuku.Nguva iyo makristasi ekugadzira (akafanana nemidziyo yegirazi) akaonekwa kuMadokero yaive pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, makore anopfuura 2000 gare gare pakuonekwa kwegirazi rekare reChinese.
Kunyatsotaura, chimiro chechimiro chekare cheChinese glazed ware ine nhoroondo refu inofanirwa kutsanangurwa seyakajeka (kana translucent) crystal state.Kubva pakuona kwezvisaririra zvetsika zvakafukunurwa, nhumbi dzekutanga dzakapenya dzakafukunurwa nhasi dzichiri chishongo che "Gou Jian bakatwa ramambo weYue".Panyaya yezvishandiso, girazi rine mavara chinhu chekare uye maitiro akasiyana zvachose nekristaro negirazi.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-03-2019